1. What substance can be used to measure total body water and which substance can be used to measure extracellular fluid volume either by the single injection or constant perfusion method
2. What is the calibre of the pores in the fenestrated capillaries and the slits between the foot processes
3. What is the charge on the filtration barrier, what is the diameter of the barrier and why do haemolysis and rhabdomyolysis cause renal failure
4. How does reduced RBF affect COP in the peritubular capillaries
5. What may cause an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of the Bowman’s capsule
6. What proportion of blood is plasma or haematocrit
7. What Is the proportional composition of plasma
8. What is the total plasma protein concentration and what is the protein concentration in cells
9. Why may oedema lead to ulceration in the periphery
10. Why can septicaemia lead to circulatory collapse
11. What are the ECF and ICF bicarbonate cxoncentrations
12. How does K+ maintain cell volume by its membrane potential effects
13. Why is mannitol a treatment for hyperhydration
14. Why does osmolality being a colligative property prevent RBCs from exerting an osmotic effect
15. Why is putting a cell into 300mOsm/kg urea solution like putting a cell into distilled water
16. What is the sequence from renal artery to peritubular capillaries
17. What is the typical filtration fraction
18. What proportion of the blood enters the vasa recta, the peritubular capillaries and the peritubular capillaries of the outer medulla
19. What is the most restrictive part of the filtration barrier
20. What are the two mechanisms by which the kidney regulates GFR with varying arterial blood pressure