1. What is DeltaG’, what concentrations and what temperature

    o

  2. What is the Van Hoffman equation

  3. For what 3 reasons is ATP hydrolysis so exothermic

  4. How can the cell achieve 2 redox potentials

  5. What gives directionality to a pathway

  6. Why is DeltaG for the rate determining steps so negative (why don’t they reach equilibrium with DeltaG = 0)

  7. Which enzymes catalyse 2NDP <->NTP + NMP

  8. What are the insulin independent glucose transporters

  9. How much time is taken for insulin to translocate GLUT4 vesicles and how long does the reverse process take

  10. Which cells lack mitochondria and so must use glycolysis to produce ATP

  11. How does aldolase use a Schiff base to stabilise the carbanion on C3 in the reverse aldol reaction, why is the conversion to fructose now important

  12. Which two glycolytic enzymes have planar enediol intermediates

  13. The reverse aldol reaction is unfavourable, what makes DeltaG in situ negative

  14. What is shown by the presence of carboxymethylcysteine in the hydrolysate of G3PDH after it is inactivated by iodoacetate

  15. What are steps 6 and 7 of glycolysis, which is favourable and which isn’t and which enzymes do each

  16. Which enzyme catalyses a favourable tautomerisation to produce ATP, which two ions are necessary for this enzyme to work

  17. What is the Cori cycle

  18. What is the overall glycolysis equation with H+ and water balanced

  19. What is typical blood lactate concentration and what is the pKa